Product Description
Basic Information
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Chemical Name and Structure: Betanin is a natural pigment belonging to the class of pyridine derivatives. Its main components are betacyanins and betaxanthins. Betacyanin, chemically named betanin, has a structure where the red betalamic acid is combined with glucose to form a glycoside. This structure endows betanin with unique color and chemical properties.
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Appearance and Properties: Betanin usually exists in the form of red-purple to deep purple liquids, powders or pastes. It has a bright color and good coloring ability. In the powder state, it is fine in texture and easily soluble in water to form colored solutions, and the color of the solution will vary according to different concentrations.
Physical and Chemical Properties
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Solubility: Betanin is easily soluble in water and can form uniform and brightly colored solutions in water. It has a relatively high solubility in water, which makes it very convenient for coloring applications in many aqueous foods and beverages. It also has a certain solubility in organic solvents such as ethanol, but its solubility in these solvents is not as good as that in water.
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Stability: The stability of betanin is closely related to environmental factors. It is relatively stable in an acidic environment (pH 3 - 7), and the color remains relatively good. However, under alkaline conditions, its stability decreases and the color is prone to change. For example, it may change from red to yellow. Under light and high-temperature environments, betanin will gradually fade. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid long-term exposure to light and high temperature during storage and use.
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Spectral Characteristics: Betanin has a specific absorption spectrum in the visible light region, and its maximum absorption wavelength is generally around 535 - 538 nm. This characteristic enables it to be detected and quantitatively analyzed by instruments such as spectrophotometers.
Sources and Production Methods
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Natural Sources: It mainly comes from the roots of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Red beets undergo processes such as cleaning, shredding, and extraction to obtain betanin. During the extraction process, water or an aqueous solution containing a small amount of acid is usually used as the extraction solvent to extract the pigment components from the beets. Then, through operations such as filtration and concentration, betanin products are obtained.
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Biosynthesis Methods (Less Commonly Used): Theoretically, betanin can be produced by means of biosynthesis such as microbial fermentation. However, due to factors such as high cost and low yield, this method has not been applied on a large scale at present. It mainly relies on the traditional extraction method from beets.
Quality Standards and Specifications
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Purity Standards: For betanin products, purity is an important indicator. Generally, the content of betanin (calculated as betanin) is required to reach a certain proportion. For example, the betanin content in food-grade betanin products may be required to be around 60% - 90%. The higher the purity, the better the coloring effect and stability are often.
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Impurity Limitations: It is necessary to limit the content of heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, arsenic, etc.) to ensure the safety of the product. Meanwhile, requirements are also imposed on microbial indicators. For example, the total number of bacteria, the number of molds and yeasts, etc. must meet the relevant standards for food additives. In addition, other possible impurities, such as residual extraction solvents and plant proteins, also need to be controlled to avoid adverse effects on product quality and application effects.
Uses and Application Fields
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Food Industry: Betanin is a widely used food coloring agent. It can be used for coloring numerous foods such as candies, beverages (such as fruit juices, carbonated drinks, etc.), dairy products (such as ice creams, yogurts, etc.), and baked goods (such as cakes, breads, etc.). Since it is a natural pigment, it has a relatively high acceptance among consumers and has more advantages in some foods that emphasize natural ingredients. For example, when making red fruit-flavored candies, betanin can give the candies a bright red color, making them more attractive.
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Cosmetics Industry: In the cosmetics field, betanin can be used for coloring makeup products such as lipsticks and blushes. Its natural origin and bright color meet consumers' demands for natural and healthy cosmetics. However, when applied in cosmetics, its stability and compatibility with other ingredients need to be considered to ensure the quality of the products during storage and use.
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Pharmaceutical Industry: Betanin can be used as a coloring agent for pharmaceutical preparations, for making the coatings of capsules, tablets and other dosage forms, making them easier to identify and distinguish. Meanwhile, in some oral medications, appropriate coloring can increase the attractiveness of the product and improve patient acceptance. However, it is also necessary to ensure its stability and safety in the drug formulation.
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