Product Description
Chemical Structure and Properties
Structural Features: Succinic acid, chemically named 1,4 - butanedioic acid. Its molecular structure contains two carboxyl groups (-COOH), and these two carboxyl groups are located at the two ends of the carbon chain, with a carbon chain composed of four carbon atoms in the middle. This structure endows succinic acid with acidity and enables it to undergo a variety of carboxyl - related chemical reactions.
Physical Properties: Succinic acid is a colorless or white crystalline solid. It has a sour taste. Its melting point is 185 - 187°C, and its boiling point is 235°C (with decomposition). It has a certain solubility in water. The solubility at 25°C is approximately 8.3g/100g of water, and its solubility increases with the increase of temperature. It can also be dissolved in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and acetone. The density of succinic acid is about 1.572 g/cm³.
Chemical Stability: Under normal temperature and pressure, the chemical properties of succinic acid are relatively stable. However, under conditions such as high temperature, strong acid, and strong alkali, the carboxyl groups in its molecular structure are prone to react. For example, under the catalysis of concentrated sulfuric acid, succinic acid can react with alcohols to form corresponding esters; when it reacts with bases, it forms carboxylates.
Sources and Extraction Methods
Natural Sources: Succinic acid is widely distributed in nature. It can be extracted from amber. Amber is a fossil formed by ancient resins through a long - term geological process, and it contains a certain amount of succinic acid. In addition, succinic acid can also be produced in some microbial fermentation processes. For example, some anaerobic bacteria can convert sugars such as glucose into succinic acid during metabolism.
Product Quality Standards and Testing Methods
Quality Standards:
Purity Requirements: The purity of industrial - grade succinic acid is generally required to be above 98%. For succinic acid used in fields such as medicine and food, the purity requirement is even higher, usually above 99.5%. The level of purity directly affects its performance and safety in different applications.
Impurity Limitations: There are strict restrictions on the content of heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, cadmium, etc.), generally required to be at an extremely low ppm (parts per million) level. At the same time, there are corresponding standards for other organic impurities and water content. For example, in pharmaceutical - grade succinic acid, the water content may need to be controlled below 0.5% to ensure drug quality.
Testing Methods:
Acid - base Titration: Utilize the acidity of succinic acid and titrate it with a standard alkali solution. The content of succinic acid is calculated through the volume and concentration of the consumed alkali solution. This method is simple and easy to operate, but it may cause errors for samples containing other acidic impurities.
High - performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): It can accurately separate and detect succinic acid and its impurities. The sample is injected into a high - performance liquid chromatograph. By selecting appropriate chromatographic columns and mobile phases, succinic acid is separated from other components. The content and purity of succinic acid are determined according to the peak time and peak area. This method is highly accurate, but the cost of the instrument and equipment is relatively high.
Product Applications
Applications in the Chemical Industry:
Synthesis of Polyester Resins: Succinic acid is one of the important raw materials for the synthesis of polyester resins. It reacts with diols (such as ethylene glycol) through a condensation polymerization reaction to form polyester. This polyester resin has good mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and insulation properties and is widely used in the manufacturing of plastic films, fibers, coatings, and other products.
Production of Plasticizers: Succinic acid can react with alcohols to form ester - type compounds. These esters are good plasticizers. For example, dibutyl succinate can be added to plastic products (such as PVC) to increase the flexibility and plasticity of plastics, making them easier to process and shape.
Applications in the Pharmaceutical Field:
Drug Synthesis Intermediate: Succinic acid plays an important role in drug synthesis and is an intermediate for many drugs. For example, in the synthesis of some antibiotics and antiepileptic drugs, succinic acid and its derivatives are used to construct the specific structures of drug molecules.
pH Regulator: Because succinic acid is acidic, it can be used as a pH regulator in some pharmaceutical preparations to adjust the pH of drug solutions so that they meet the requirements for drug stability and drug efficacy.
Applications in the Food Field:
Acidulant: The sour taste of succinic acid can be used for food flavoring. It can be used as an acidity regulator added to beverages, candies, baked goods, etc., providing a mild sour taste and enriching the taste of food. However, the usage amount in food needs to comply with relevant food safety standards.
Product Packaging and Storage Conditions
Packaging Materials: Succinic acid is usually packaged in plastic bags or plastic buckets. For high - purity and humidity - sensitive succinic acid, sealed metal drums lined with plastic bags can be used. This can prevent the product from getting damp, oxidized, and affected by other pollutants.
Storage Conditions: It should be stored in a cool, dry, and well - ventilated place, avoiding direct sunlight. The ideal storage temperature is generally between 0 - 30°C. During storage, succinic acid should be kept away from fire sources and strong oxidants because it is a combustible substance and may catch fire or explode when in contact with high temperature or strong oxidants. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent the product from getting damp and avoid mixing it with alkaline substances to prevent chemical reactions that may affect the product quality.
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